Kidney transplantation is a medical procedure in which a healthy kidney is transplanted into a patient with end-stage kidney disease, whose own kidneys are no longer able to function properly. This procedure is often the best treatment option for patients with kidney failure, offering a better quality of life and improved long-term outcomes compared to dialysis. The success of kidney transplantation relies on the compatibility between the donor and recipient, as well as the careful management of post-transplant care to prevent rejection and ensure the health of the transplanted kidney. Ongoing research in kidney transplantation focuses on improving transplant outcomes, developing new immunosuppressive drugs, and increasing the availability of donor organs.